oddities and legal history. The opening of the book sets the stage by outlining the bizarre nature of judicial proceedings in the Middle Ages, where animals could be tried for crimes such as murder. Agnel provides a glimpse into this unusual legal landscape, mentioning that various creatures—ranging from domestic animals like pigs and cows to insects—were subjects of legal action. He notes the specific procedures that were followed, including the unique circumstances in which animals were prosecuted, highlighting both the absurdity and the seriousness with which these cases were treated during that era. The author aims not to critique these practices but simply to present the historical facts for consideration. (This is an automatically generated summary.)