Europe. At the start of the book, the author introduces the longstanding belief that Hebrew was a dead language, relegated to theological discourse, and outlines the surprising development of a modern Hebrew literature amid this skepticism. He discusses the emergence of humanistic thought among Jewish intellectuals, particularly in Italy and Germany, as well as the challenges they faced during the transition. Notably, figures such as Moïse-Hayim Luzzato are highlighted for their pivotal contributions to this cultural revival. The opening sets the stage for an in-depth analysis of Hebrew literature's resurgence as a reflection of the Jewish people's national and spiritual awakening, revealing a rich tapestry of literary and ideological struggle that resonates throughout Jewish history. (This is an automatically generated summary.)